Receding gums, also known as gingival recession, is a common dental problem that exposes the roots of your teeth. This can lead to increased sensitivity, tooth decay, and even tooth loss. Fortunately, periodontists are dental specialists uniquely equipped to diagnose and treat receding gums. But what exactly do they do? Let's explore the various treatments and procedures a periodontist might employ.
What Causes Receding Gums?
Before diving into treatments, it's important to understand the underlying causes. Receding gums are often linked to:
- Aggressive brushing: Brushing too hard or using a hard-bristled toothbrush can damage gum tissue over time.
- Gum disease (periodontal disease): This is a major contributor, as infection destroys the supporting structures of the teeth.
- Genetics: Some individuals are genetically predisposed to gum recession.
- Smoking: Smoking significantly increases the risk of gum disease and recession.
- Misaligned teeth: Teeth that are crowded or crooked can put extra pressure on the gums.
- Hormonal changes: Hormonal fluctuations, especially during pregnancy, can make gums more susceptible to recession.
- Teeth grinding (bruxism): This puts excessive force on the teeth and gums.
How Do Periodontists Treat Receding Gums?
Treatment options for receding gums vary depending on the severity and underlying cause. A periodontist will conduct a thorough examination to determine the best course of action. Here are some common treatments:
Scaling and Root Planing:
This is often the first step in treating gum recession caused by periodontal disease. It involves removing plaque and tartar from both above and below the gum line, followed by smoothing the root surfaces to eliminate bacteria. This helps to control infection and promote gum tissue healing.
Antibiotics:
In cases of severe infection, a periodontist may prescribe antibiotics to combat the bacteria causing gum disease. This can be administered orally or topically.
Guided Tissue Regeneration (GTR):
For more significant recession, GTR involves placing a small membrane over the exposed root surface. This membrane encourages the regrowth of gum tissue and bone.
Connective Tissue Grafts:
This surgical procedure involves taking tissue from another area of the mouth (often the palate) and grafting it onto the area with receding gums. This adds volume and helps to cover the exposed roots.
Soft Tissue Grafts:
This is another surgical option that uses tissue from the palate or another donor site to cover the exposed roots, often combined with GTR.
Pinhole Surgical Technique (PST):
A minimally invasive procedure using specialized instruments to reposition gum tissue without the need for sutures or incisions.
Enamel Matrix Derivative (EMD) Gel:
This gel contains proteins that stimulate the regeneration of gum tissue and bone. It may be used in conjunction with other treatments.
What are the Different Types of Gum Grafts?
Several types of gum grafts address receding gums. These include:
- Free gingival graft: Tissue from the palate is harvested and grafted to the area of recession.
- Pedicle graft: Tissue is partially detached from the palate, then moved to cover the receding area while remaining attached at its base.
- Connective tissue graft: A thin layer of tissue beneath the surface of the palate is harvested and placed over the recession.
What Happens During a Gum Graft Procedure?
The procedure typically involves local anesthesia, harvesting the graft material, preparing the recipient site, and placing the graft. Aftercare includes avoiding certain foods and maintaining diligent oral hygiene.
Are There Any Home Remedies for Receding Gums?
While home remedies may help improve overall gum health, they cannot reverse receding gums. Improving oral hygiene practices by using a soft-bristled toothbrush, flossing daily, and using a fluoride mouthwash is crucial. However, professional treatment from a periodontist is essential to address the underlying cause and effectively treat receding gums.
How Much Does Gum Graft Surgery Cost?
The cost of gum graft surgery can vary significantly depending on factors such as the extent of the recession, the type of graft used, geographic location, and the specific dental practice.
By understanding the various causes and treatments for receding gums, you can work collaboratively with your periodontist to preserve your oral health and maintain a beautiful, healthy smile. Remember to schedule regular checkups for early detection and prevention of gum recession.
